Federal data shows that the median age in the U.S. is rising and population growth is slowing—both of which could have business implications.
The national median age jumped by 0.2 years to 38.9 years from 2021 and 2022, according the U.S. Census Bureau. Seventeen states had a median age above 40 in 2022, led by Maine (44.8) and New Hampshire (43.3). Utah (31.9) and Texas (35.5) had the lowest median age in the nation.
No states experienced a decline in median age.
"Without a rapidly growing young population, the U.S. median age will likely continue its slow but steady rise," Kristie Wilder, a demographer in the Census Bureau's Population Division, said in a statement.
Economists predict that an older workforce could lead to higher labor costs, including salaries, health insurance, paid time off and other contributions. In 2021, U.S. Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo predicted that the aging population will soon hit the economy like "a ton of bricks."
Without the right fiscal measures in place, women will have to drop out of the workforce to care for aging parents, damaging the economy, she said.
"We can't afford for half of our workforce—women—to be held back and held out of the workforce because they can't get excellent and adequate childcare or eldercare," Raimondo told Reuters.
Slow Population Growth Is Also an Issue
As the population ages, birth rates are falling. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects a decline in the labor force participation rate between now and 2031 due to slower population growth. Yet, the BLS also forecasted the addition of 8.3 million jobs from 2021 to 2031.
Francine Gordon, lecturer in management and entrepreneurship at the Leavey School of Business at Santa Clara University, said businesses could face further talent shortages in the years ahead. Attracting older workers "will be beneficial for many industries" as the population continues to age, she said.
As working-age population growth slows, Michael Madowitz, director of macroeconomic policy at the Washington Center for Equitable Growth in Washington, D.C., told SHRM Online in June that "there is no demographic wave coming to save employers."
At the same time, many older individuals are waiting to retire. Leslie Tarnacki, SHRM-SCP, CHRO at WorkForce Software in Detroit, said that the rise in cost of living has led many older workers to rethink their retirement.
Even people who have recently retired are mulling a return to the workforce to make ends meet: According to a 2023 Paychex survey, 1 in 6 retired Americans are considering returning to work for reasons ranging from needing more money to "feeling lonely" in retirement.
"Many are readjusting their ideal retirement goals since they may need to keep working for a few more years," Tarnacki said. "Others are rethinking opportunities to remain active and to feel valued and purpose-driven by working longer—even if they reduce the number of hours or days they work."
Improve Benefits to Support, Attract Older Workers
Tarnacki said many employers focus on supporting the needs and wants of Millennial and Generation Z workers. However, if a company does not properly support older workers, it may lack an important talent pool necessary to fill vacant roles.
"[Companies] need to invest in all employees and take into account the needs of each individual employee group," she said.
Research has also shown that older employees can benefit businesses in many ways. They tend to stay in jobs longer, take fewer days off, exhibit a strong work ethic and typically require less training than their younger counterparts.
Employers that are serious about hiring and retaining older workers will need to review their benefits to assess their applicability to older candidates and offer them "a variety of benefits that may be more important to workers of various ages versus a single benefit package," Tarnacki said.
Benefits that support older employees include:
"Investing in what matters to each individual can be challenging but ultimately will show employees from every generation they are valued," Tarnacki said. "It's imperative to provide an experience that empowers all talent, regardless of their age or background, to create a truly inclusive working experience."
While the cost of benefits for employees over 50 may be greater than that for younger employees, older workers usually have lower overall health care costs due to fewer dependents on their plans. Some may also be on Medicare, which further brings down those costs.
"Older employees want flexible work conditions, autonomy, security, access to training and acceptance," Tarnacki said. "That last point means working in an environment free of ageism."
